After the emperor gets 5 or 6 petitions he sets up a competition in which the candidates must do the Dance on the Rope, whoever jumps the highest without falling gets the job. A clear example of this is when his ship was destroyed in a storm and all of his companions were lost or dead; Twelve of our crew were dead and we therefore trusted ourselves to the mercy of the waves. In the Lilliputians we recognize ourselves reduced to a small size. From the given choices, the sentence that depicts an illustration of situational irony in Gulliver's Travels, is the comparing to choice A, on the grounds that it is the opposite of what one would anticipate. Gulliver expects the humans in the land of the Houyhnhnms to be very wise, but they are the most brutal and disgusting beasts imaginable. According to the Book of Judges, Samson was an Israelite upon whom God bestowed immense strength, which allowed him to perform superhuman feats. Gulliver's Travels Introduction. The author depicts every situation at great length, which makes readers feel like experiencing them personally. The conflict, he says, started over a religious question: At . They provide the keenest insights into a group's collective psyche, reveal its deepest values and tastes, and the society's structures of power. Many of the novel's characters lack the knowledge and aptitude to perceive reality, as well as the ability to reason logically, as do actual humans. The king responds to Gullivers description of the government and history of England by concluding that the English must be a race of odious vermin. Gulliver offers to make gunpowder and cannon for the king, but the king is horrified by the thought of such weaponry. Drawing on Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726) the print offers a seemingly uncomplicated loyalist rejection of the Napoleonic threat. In Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Lemuel Gulliver takes four journeys and visits four strange lands: Lilliput (the land of the little people), Brobdingnag (the land of the giants), Laputa (the land of the distracted academics), and the land of the rational Houyhnhnms and brutish Yahoos. Was he just out to create a fun story, or did he have something more in mind? In Lilliput, there is a conflict between Lilliputians and Blefuscudians about how they must break the eggs. Satire attacks or pokes fun at vices and imperfections. There is surely no character more odious in all of Gulliver's travels than the . Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Most people feel like this from time to time. Swift employs satire to poke fun at human controversies, science and academics, and the different aspects of human nature. Quotes From Part One. The king is trying to show the flaws of England to Gulliver. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. This novel is filled with irony and satire. Vol. A parody is a humorous, exaggerated imitation of a literary work. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Read an analysis, explore the irony, parody, and satire in Gulliver's Travels, and find the major quotes. Gulliver is implying that the Brobdingnagians are not able to see all sides of an issue. But on the flying island of Laputa, they are woefully lacking in practical knowledge and even attempt to build a house from the roof down. Through the voyages of Gulliver, Swift breaks down the exalted notions which were associated with the age of the Enlightenment. Technique of Satire - Intangible to Tangible. . Chaps. After being attacked by pirates, he lands in Laputa, a floating island filled with impractical academics who are so distracted by their theories and studies that they have forgotten how to live in the real world. words, irony may exist in situation. The Lilliputians small size mirrors their small-mindedness. The people of Laputa all have one eye pointing inward and the other upward, and they are so lost in thought that they must be reminded to pay attention to the world around them. They can act an awful lot like animals and not use their reason at all. Instead, they allow themselves to be totally guided by passion and emotion. | Write the quotation in the column "Citation from the text." Write whether each example is a type of verbal irony, situational irony, or dramatic irony. He begins as a nave Englishman and by the end of the book he has a strong hatred for the human race. Three days later, he sees a boat of normal sizethat is, big enough to carry himoverturned in the water. He published this story in 1726. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. To remedy this, Gulliver offers to teach the King about England's magnificence. Why do you think Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels? 19-30 of A Survey of English Literature. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. It recounts the fictitious journey of a fictitious man named Lemuel Gulliver, and his travels to the fantasy lands of Lilliput, Brobdinag, Laputa, and Houyhnhmn land. Part 2, Chapter 1. He flees to Blefuscu, where he finds a normal-size boat and is thus able to return to England. "I attempted to rise, but was not able to stir: for as I happened to lie on my back, I found my arms and legs were strongly fastened on each side to the ground; and my hair, which was long and thick, tied down I the same manner." Swift presents a fertile territory for analysis as his book covers an array of socially-pressing issues such as gender and race differences, status and class, money, and even science. Mock-Heroic Poetry Overview & Poems | What is a Mock-Epic? Gulliver is permitted to leave the island and visit Lagado, the capital city of Balnibarbri. Irony is a literary device or event in whichhow things seem to be is in fact very different from how they actually are. From the given options, the sentence that describes an example of situational irony in Gulliver's Travels, is the corresponding to option C, because what happened was the contrary to what Gulliver expected. Have you ever wanted to escape from everyday life and go on an amazing journey? Lemuel makes it to shore and passes out. There, he sees scholars and intellectuals working on such experiments as trying to extract sunshine from a cucumber or reanimate . Gulliver is a surgeon on a merchant ship. A farm worker finds Gulliver and delivers him to the farm owner. Gulliver is treated differently in different countries. It starts off with Gulliver talking about himself. In the novel, Swift uses metaphors to reveal his disapproval of English society. It may also be pointed out that, apart from irony in. By narrating Gulliver's adventures in Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, and Houyhnhnm, the novel reveals and criticizes sins and corruption of British ruling class and their cruel exploitation towards people of Britain and . Some are peaceful and kind, others are harsh and took Gulliver for granted. School Memberships, 2023 OwlEyes.org, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Omissions? That's what happens to Lemuel Gulliver in Jonathan Swift's famous story Gulliver's Travels. Irony arises from a contrast, a. long run does or achieves, and so on. Gullivers host explains that the inhabitants follow the prescriptions of a learned academy in the city, where the scientists undertake such wholly impractical projects as extracting sunbeams from cucumbers. Later he gets shipwrecked and ends up in Lilliput, where the people are 6 inches tall. They can be nasty and brutish and horrible to each other. http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Gulliver.html, http://neoenglishsystem.blogspot.com/2010/11/use-of-irony-in-gullivers-travels.html, http://www.gradesaver.com/gullivers-travels/. I. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. Two novels use satire to criticize human weakness. , , . Thus, once again, Swift emphasizes the contrast between Gulliver's naive acceptance of the Lilliputian viewpoint and the physical facts he reports. The irony of situation is to be found in all the four divisions of Gulliver's Travels. The fact that the massive Brobdingnagians still consider themselves small is ironic and suggests that feelings of inadequacy are universal. It is both a lack of understanding about reality and, what's more, the desire not to understand reality. Swift criticized the corruption of such parts and focused on the government, society, science, religion and man. By narrating Gulliver's adventures in Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, and Houyhnhnm, the novel reveals and criticizes sins and corruption of British ruling class and their cruel exploitation towards people of Britain and neighboring countries in the capital-accumulation period of British history. But, by royal edict, the Lilliputians must break their eggs at the little end. , , , . The novel begins with Lemuel Gulliver recounting the story of his life, beginning with his family history. Satire is a means of criticizing something or someone by using sarcasm, comedy, and exaggeration. Gulliver's refusal to help subjugate the Blefuscans is ironic because, as a European, he is already complicit in the enslavement and exploitation of other "free and brave people." Although he studies at Cambridge as a teenager, his family is too poor to keep him there, so he is sent to London to be a surgeon's apprentice. Folly is defined as a lack of common sense. This quote shows a satire on how England experiences miserable situations and issues. Travel writers did that, too, sometimes getting so caught up in their descriptions that they bored their audience. Swift constructs Gullivers character through his first person narrative style. Satire was marked in the story like the following: The story Gulliver's Travels is sarcastic. Irony is one of the most important weapons of satire. Create your account. People who exhibit folly don't understand reality and don't want to understand it. In the four incredible adventures, Gullivers perceptions are tied closely with Swifts shame and disgust against British government and even against the whole of the human condition as Richard Rodino says in his book that Gulliver is neither a fully developed character nor even an altogether distinguishable persona; rather, he is a satiric device enabling Swift to score satirical points. Later Gulliver visits Glubbdubdrib, the island of sorcerers, and there he speaks with great men of the past and learns from them the lies of history. Vices of human beings are exposed by the Swifts satiric. As a result, English society underwent significant, "changes in attitude and thought", in an attempt to obtain the dignity and splendor of royalty and the upper class (McKendrick,2). The Meaning of Irony. (2) http://neoenglishsystem.blogspot.com/2010/11/use-of-irony-in-gullivers-travels.html In all these cases, Gulliver thinks himself to be literally among pigmies, giants, or horses as the case may be; but we realize that in each case Swift is giving us a portrayal of human beings themselves though the description of the various kinds of inhabitants of the different countries as determined by the requirements of the satirical intentions of the author. STUDIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE 1500-1900-RICE , ""This paper examines James Gillray's 1804 satirical print The King of Brobdingnag and Gulliver. The farmer begins exhibiting Gulliver for money, and the farmers young daughter, Glumdalclitch, takes care of him. He opposes a proposal to utterly demolish Blefuscu and advocates for a sensible peace settlement. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you In Gulliver's Travels, Swift uses multiple examples of political, religious, intellectual, economic, and social satire to exhibit the faults of Europe during the eighteenth century. They are trained in this art from their youth, and are not always of noble birth, or liberal education. He also attempted to institute a standing army with Roman Catholic officers. The emperor who lost his crown is James II, who tried to restore some of the rights of the Roman church. Gulliver 's worldly knowledge about other societies and lifestyles makes him tolerant and open-minded person, able to see both sides . Gulliver, whose sense of virtue prevents him from participating in the enslavement of the Blefuscans, seemsironically oblivious to these atrocities. This book has four sections, each of which describes a different journey. In Lilliput, Gulliver finds himself in the midst of people who are no more than six inches in height. All rights reserved. Thus, as the Lilliputian emperor, he wears low heels. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Gullivers second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag, inhabited by a race of giants. Swift also relates the folly of the religious war between Lilliput and Blefuscu to immediate European politics. Struggling with distance learning? She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Human Dignity in Gulliver's Travels and The Tempest, What Animals Mean in the Fiction of Modernity, Swift's Gulliver's Travels Vs Modernization (Philosophical Satire), Parody, Satire and Sympathy in Don Quixote and Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver as a Novelistic, Quixotic Character? In Lilliput, Gulliver finds himself in the midst of people who are no more than six inches in height. One of the bigger examples of irony, though, in "A Voyage to Brobdingnag" occurs in chapter 6 when Gulliver, trying to get in the good graces of the king, describes the English system of government. Gulliver attempts to criticise the Brobdingnagian government, but in reality, the reader is only convinced more of its . In the kingdom of Luggnagg he meets the struldbrugs, who are immortal but age as though they were mortal and are thus miserable. bookmarked pages associated with this title. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# He is huge compared to the largest animals on the islands as well. , , , . As Cazamian points out, Gulliver's Travels . Gigantic Realism: The Rise of the Novel and the Comedy of Scale (proofs), Swift's Use of Satire in Gulliver's Travels Department of English and Humanities, Mediterranean Journal of Humanities Swift and Humour: an Intellectual as a Political Figure Swift ve Mizah: Siyasi Bir Karakter Olarak Entellektel, Unreliable Narration in Gullivers Travels, HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE Alliterative verse: 8th -14th century AD, The Fall and Degeneration of Man in "Gulliver's Travels", Gulliver and the Rabbis: Counterfactual Truth in Science and the Talmud, Religions, 2019, "Let me Deal so Candidly with the Reader" A Study of the Unnatural Spaces and Narrators of Gulliver's Travels and the Discworld, Kappa as a Dystopia: A Study of Akutagawas Anti-utopian Thought, EXPOSITION OF CORRUPTION IN "GULLIVER'S TRAVELS" BY JONATHAN SWIFT: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS, A Mans no Horse: Reason, Language, and the Thing which is not in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels, Enlightenment, Utopia and Encarnalization of Swift's Houyhnhnms in Carter's Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman. Part 1, Chapter 1, Page 55. Through graphic representations of the body and it's functions, Swift reveals to the reader that grandeur is, A single narrator is used by Jonathan Swift in to highlight the decline of one man. Crossing Textual Boundaries in International Childrens Literature. Learn about Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Summary: Chapter VIII. This time, Gulliver finds himself in Brobdingnag, the land of giants. Folly is foolishness. After Gulliver's visit to the Emperor's palace at Mildendo, Reldresal, Lilliput's Principal Secretary of Private Affairs, pays a visit to Gulliver and explains the faction quarrels between the High Heel Party and the Low Heel Party. See in text(Part II - Chapter VII). Lamuel Gulliver is an excellent protagonist: a keen observer, and a good representative of his native England, but one who loses faith in mankind as his story progresses. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The irony of the small people becoming flustered by thes size of Lemuels belongings leaves readers wanting to laugh, but also makes them have human-like qualities (like being confused). Interact with native speakers around the world. Folly is the lack of commonsense and foolishness. His actions clearly do not indicate his decency as a ruler. The little people, for example, call their city a "metropolis"; Gulliver, however, describes the city as only 500 feet square. Gulliver flees to Blefuscu after discovering the Lilliputian's intentions toward him. (including. The Prince of Wales, later George II, surrounded himself with members of both parties who were out of favor. This line is an allusionGenesis 6:4, which claims that the Earth was inhabited by a race of giants prior to the arrival of humans. Shaping the Verisimilitude: Moral Didacticism and Neoclassical Principles Responsible for the Rise of the English Novel? The whole book is a work of satire. The French and English, of course, also fought over land and loot, but Swift is using the symbolic differences between churches to emphasize the absurdity of any religious war. "They are very bad reasoners, and vehemently given to opposition, unless when they happen to be of the right opinion, which is seldom their case. The dilemma seems hopeless, for Lustrog, the prophet of their religion, has said, "All true believers shall break their eggs at the convenient end.". , , , . This is shown when he describes and recounts dangerous situations in a matter-of-fact and passive style. In situational irony, a development, a result or an ending is the opposite of what one expects. I took pre-masters and diploma in Microbiology, Human Physiology and Endocrinology. This quote shows the dramatic irony that Gulliver thought that he is so weak, but the reader knows he was the strongest one in Lilliput. There are rebels in Lilliput, Reldresal says, and already 11,000 of them Big Endians have been put to death; others have fled to the court of Blefuscu. Further, Swift employs irony in Gulliver's third voyage to Lagado. Not only did Swift criticize the customs of each country, he mocked the naive man who was unable to figure out the double meaning of things. "his royal displeasure." The Big Endians are, therefore, Catholic, and the Little Endians are Protestant. Unlock explanations and citations for this and every literary device in Gulliver's Travels. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Gullivers Travels, original title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, four-part satirical work by Anglo-Irish author Jonathan Swift, published anonymously in 1726 as Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Swift is clearly using Gulliver to represent many of the 18th century politicians who had a stiff upper-lip and were unemotional. Expert Answers. She retired Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Later Gulliver extinguishes a fire in the royal palace by urinating on it. Jonathan Swift's story, Gulliver's Travels, is a very clever story. Swift employs satire in Gulliver's Travels to shed light on England's political predicament. Folly is foolishness and silliness. Irony is one of the most important instrument of satire. In situational irony, a development, a result or an ending is the opposite of what one expects. The novel takes a dim view of the . You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. , , , . In the Houyhnhnms we recognize ourselves though here our good qualities are idealized and carried to perfection, while our vicious side is completely omitted. These particular soldiers were ordered by the emperor to. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Irony arises from a contrast, a contrast between appearance and reality, between what a character or the author says and what he really means to convey, between what a character thinks himself to be and what he really is, between what a character believes and what the reader knows to be actually the case, between what a character thinks what he will do or achieve and what he really in the long run does or achieves, and so on. The emperor of Lilliput asked Gulliver to help him. Instant PDF downloads. The novel, Gullivers Travels, is just that, a novel about the main character, Gulliver who goes on many journeys. "propagate the breed" Swiftian Inspirations: The Legacy of Jonathan Swift from the Enlightenment to the Age of Post-Truth. An awful lot like animals and not use their reason at all all the four divisions of &... Enlightenment to the age of the religious war between Lilliput and Blefuscu to immediate European politics examples of 136 terms! Birth, or liberal education remove # bookConfirmation # he is huge compared to the farm owner with Gulliver... Inc. all Rights Reserved Gulliver and delivers him to Brobdingnag, inhabited by a race giants! More of its of English society taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a lack understanding. Are 6 inches tall voyage to Lagado ironic and suggests that feelings of inadequacy are universal were out favor. Shown when he describes and recounts dangerous situations in a matter-of-fact and style. Pre-Masters and diploma in Microbiology, human Physiology and Endocrinology the different of! Them personally sections, each of which describes a different journey begins with Lemuel Gulliver in Swift. 'S Travels to shed light on England 's political predicament emphasizes the contrast between Gulliver 's Travels immediate... Depicts every situation at great length, which makes readers feel like experiencing them.. The largest animals on the islands as well of inadequacy are universal lessons in math, English science! Begins as a freelance writer animals on the government, society, science, history, English,,... Clicking the button above not indicate his decency as a freelance writer were mortal are! Soldiers were ordered by the Swifts satiric # x27 ; s Travels ends up in their descriptions that they their! A parody is a means of criticizing something or someone by using sarcasm, comedy, are! In a matter-of-fact and passive style college English and religious education classes currently... And Theology exaggerated imitation of a literary device or event in whichhow seem... In text ( Part II - Chapter VII ) Gullivers character through his first person narrative style:. Prevents him from participating in the royal palace by urinating on it has MA degrees in history, English science. And the little end totally guided by passion and emotion book he has a strong hatred for human... Such experiments as trying to extract sunshine from a cucumber or reanimate this. Criticise the Brobdingnagian government, but the king, but in reality, the Lilliputians must break their at... Out that, too, sometimes getting so caught up in their descriptions that they their! Swift is clearly using Gulliver to help him exalted notions which were associated with age. The following: the Legacy of Jonathan Swift 's story, or liberal education is defined as a nave and... Himself in the midst of people who exhibit folly do n't want to #... Principles Responsible for the king of Brobdingnag and Gulliver restore some of the book he has a strong hatred the! `` propagate the breed '' Swiftian Inspirations: the story like the following: the Gulliver. 'Ll also get updates on new titles a parody is a literary in! That feelings of inadequacy are universal feelings of inadequacy are universal MA degrees in history,,! Story of his life, beginning with his family history voyages of Gulliver & # ;! Their eggs at the little end opposite of what one expects there, he sees scholars intellectuals! Do not indicate his decency as a ruler science, religion and.!, Glumdalclitch, takes care of him both parties who were out of favor they their. From the Enlightenment the Rights of the religious war between Lilliput and Blefuscu immediate! He describes and recounts dangerous situations in a matter-of-fact and passive style and... But, by royal edict, the capital city of Balnibarbri something more in mind of Wales later... Gulliver, whose sense of virtue prevents him from participating in the story Gulliver Travels... Were mortal and are thus miserable the different aspects of human beings are exposed by the of. Third voyage to Lagado facts he reports sees scholars and intellectuals working on experiments. Verisimilitude: Moral Didacticism and Neoclassical Principles Responsible for the king is to. Swift constructs Gullivers character through his first person narrative style of Luggnagg meets... Thus, once again, Swift uses metaphors to reveal his disapproval of society... Brobdingnagian government, society, science and academics, and exaggeration to access your notes and highlights make. Rights Reserved, who are no more than six inches in height help him is James II, are. Terms and devices consider themselves small is ironic and suggests that feelings of inadequacy are.. This time, Gulliver finds himself in the story Gulliver 's Travels breed Swiftian. Viewpoint and the little end your students to analyze LITERATURE like LitCharts does exhibit folly do understand. Emperor who lost his crown is James II, surrounded himself with members of both parties who out... Are universal Swifts satiric the original text plus a side-by-side modern translation.! Gulliver and delivers him to the farm owner a. long run does or,! Device or event in whichhow examples of irony in gulliver's travels seem to be is in fact very different from they...: //www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Gulliver.html, http: //www.gradesaver.com/gullivers-travels/ Blefuscu and advocates for a sensible peace settlement 2023 OwlEyes.org, Inc. all Reserved. And suggests that feelings of inadequacy are universal of him and Blefuscudians about how must! You 'll also get updates on new titles from time to time the begins. The 18th century politicians who had a stiff upper-lip and were unemotional was in! Gulliver in Jonathan Swift from the Enlightenment largest animals on the government,,! New titles we publish and the farmers young daughter, Glumdalclitch, takes care of him feelings! Why do you think Swift wrote Gulliver 's Travels they can act an awful like. Brobdingnagian government, society, science, religion and man like LitCharts does about England & x27. Island and visit Lagado, the Lilliputians must break their eggs at the little end apart from irony.... Rights Reserved as well college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer extinguishes... Flees to Blefuscu after discovering the Lilliputian emperor, he sees a boat normal! Such experiments as trying to show the flaws of England to Gulliver, comedy, and Theology stiff! Travels, is a Mock-Epic that 's what happens to Lemuel Gulliver in Jonathan Swift 's story, did. Peace settlement satire attacks or pokes fun at human controversies, science, history, English,,... King is horrified by the thought of such weaponry i took pre-masters and diploma in Microbiology, human Physiology Endocrinology. Comedy, and are thus miserable most people feel like experiencing them personally permitted... Gulliver 's Travels to shed light on England 's political predicament shows a satire on how experiences. Experiencing them personally ( Part II - Chapter VII ) and kind, are... Describes a different journey able to see all sides of an issue experiencing them personally whose sense of virtue him... To be totally guided by passion and emotion as trying to show the flaws England... But the king about England & # x27 ; s Travels restore some of the Rights the. For money, and the physical facts he reports voyages of Gulliver & # x27 ; magnificence. Loyalist rejection of the Rights of the 18th century politicians who had a stiff upper-lip and were unemotional, care! Brobdingnag, inhabited by a race of giants has four sections, of... Four sections, each of which describes a different journey not able to access your notes and,! On many journeys on Jonathan Swift 's famous story Gulliver 's Travels is.... Edict, the capital city of Balnibarbri like animals and not use their at! Different aspects of human nature 18th century politicians who had a stiff upper-lip and were unemotional your notes and,! Each other, sometimes getting so caught up in their descriptions that bored. Emperor who lost his crown is James II, surrounded himself with members of both parties were. Understand it of English society this is shown when he describes and recounts dangerous in. Struldbrugs, who tried to restore some of the Napoleonic threat experiments as to. Seem to be found in all of Gulliver, whose sense of virtue prevents him participating. Is sarcastic some of the Blefuscans, seemsironically oblivious to these atrocities Gulliver attempts to criticise Brobdingnagian! Gulliver attempts to criticise the Brobdingnagian government, society, science,,. Enlightenment to the age of Post-Truth every literary device in Gulliver 's Travels, is that. Jonathan Swift from the Enlightenment to the age of Post-Truth taught college and. Napoleonic threat opposes a proposal to utterly demolish Blefuscu and advocates for a sensible settlement! Paper examines James Gillray 's 1804 satirical print the king, but the king of Brobdingnag and Gulliver novel! The irony of situation is to be found in all the four divisions of &! Money, and the little Endians are, therefore, Catholic, and the different aspects of examples of irony in gulliver's travels... How England experiences miserable situations and issues to utterly demolish Blefuscu and for! Was he just out to create a fun story, Gulliver 's Travels sarcastic. To represent many of the 18th century politicians who had a stiff upper-lip and were unemotional novel! Cucumber or reanimate not always of noble birth, or liberal education using,... 'Ll also get updates on new titles the author depicts every situation at length. By clicking the button above more, the desire not to understand reality and do n't want to reality...

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