shall the dial gauge be fixed to a cantilevered arm. S. Banu Ikizler. It shall have a high permeability compared Comparing Figure 12(a) with Figure 12(b), the relation of expansive deformation and vertical stress was similar, although the initial water content could slightly vary this relation. <> enclosed. Volumetric changes (usually swell) of expansive soils in presence of water are undesirable from stability reasons. 4, pp. Figure 11 shows that expansive pressure was not affected by the initial water content when the applied vertical pressure was high. The peak value of expansive coefficient in the third phase was reached while an initial moisture content was 15.8% based on Table 1. T/F Control joints are common problems with walks and driveways. Thus, under the same dry density, a maximum swelling strain was reached with moisture content. 7178, 2011. While initial moisture content was less than 18.3%, expansive deformation increased slightly with a small dry density, while the swelling strain increased significantly with a large dry density. There were three phrases for the swelling deformation time history on the basis of [21] and [22]. However, when the applied vertical load was greater than 50kPa, the samples collapsed during wetting at a dry density of 0.14kN/m3, indicating the collapse was prone to occur with larger vertical stress. Prediction of swelling pressures of expansive soils using soft computing methods. You also may know about specific problems such as expansive or weak soils, high water tables, undergound streams or reclaimed land. original volume. 30, no. If a jack with load measurements by platform scales is used Relation between the swelling strain and vertical stress for different initial water contents. Civil Engineering Department, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey, Civil Engineering Department, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey, Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Bahrain, Isa Town, Kingdom of Bahrain, Civil Engineering Department, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey, You can also search for this author in S. Tripathy, A. Sridharan, and T. Schanz, Swelling pressures of compacted bentonites from diffuse double layer theory, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. Volumetric changes (usually swell) of expansive soils in presence of water are undesirable from stability reasons. If there are gaps in the insulation assembly. The Swelling tendencies of expansive soils are quantified by the swelling potential and/or free swell. , if it is not allowed to swell or the volume change of the soil is arrested In the experimental setup, a rigid steel box was designed to measure transmitted swelling pressures in lateral and vertical directions. What are four causes of cracks in foundation walls? Stiffness refers to how much _______________ or ____________ takes place with a given load. The volume change is arrested or the soil is not allowed to swell in order to test this. More details are explained in IS 2720 (Part 41):1977. 918, 2004. 13111321, 2012. These results could be explained by the change in the microstructure as the water content increased; this relationship could be described by a Gaussian function. Earth in sub-grade areas should be at ______________ inches below FLOOR joists and _____________ inches below BEAMS. T/F Steel beams should be shimmed with welded in steel? a plot of change in thickness of expanded specimen as ordinates and consolidation Google Scholar, Goh ATC (1996) Neural-network modeling of CPT seismic liquefaction data. Z. Tan, X. J. Hu, and B. Yu, Swelling pressure and meso-mechanism of compacted laterite under constant volume condition, Rock and Soil Mechanics, vol. to determine final moisture content in accordance with IS: 2720 In general, the swelling strain decreased as the axial load increased under the same dry density and moisture content conditions. The swelling pressure increases as the voids are filled. V. Sivakumar, J. Zaini, D. Gallipoli, and B. Solan, Wetting of compacted clays under laterally restrained conditions: initial state, overburden pressure and mineralogy, Gotechnique, vol. As shown in Figure 13(b), the swelling strain first decreased significantly and then decreased slightly to a stable value with an increase in the axial pressure when dry density was 0.16kN/m3. Then, large pieces of the clay were squashed to particles and a 2mm sieve was used to remove larger clay blocks. developing country. B. Cerato, Prediction of expansive soil swelling based on four micro-scale properties, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol. (Wythe). The soil was collected from the field site and dried by the oven. Also, the swelling potential is greater in expansive soils that have their clay fraction (i.e., montmorillonite) particles parallel to the direction of compaction. 3, pp. Therefore, the maximum increase in expansive stress occurred with the increase of dry density under moisture content of 15.8%. Figure 16(a) shows that the maximum swelling pressure occurred when the dry density was 0.16kN/m3. (1) Dry Density Effect. 3.Gaps between sill and foundation Relation between axial pressure and void ratio for different initial water contents. T/F Shrinkage cracks are caused by the natural curing of concrete? Estimated average annual loss in the world, attributed to expansive soil movement is approximately 1, 05,988 millions of rupees, which exceeds the combined average of annual damages from floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and tornados. Record the free swell readings shown by the dial gauge under All of the samples expanded under any vertical load. The liquid limit of the soil was 53.18%, the plastic limit was 24.45%, and the specific gravity was 2.477. Joists typically require ________ inches of end bearing on WOOD and _______ inches of end bearing on MASONRY or Concrete. Swelling soil is wide in distribution around Hubei, Guangxi, and Yunnan, China. S. S. Agus, Y. F. Arifin, S. Tripathy, and T. Schanz, Swelling pressuresuction relationship of heavily compacted bentonitesand mixtures, Acta Geotechnica, vol. It can also be seen that the increase in the swelling pressure increased with the dry density. T/F If a wall is directly or almost directly above the wall, it's NOT probably a bearing wall. 7, no. Lateral and vertical swelling pressures associated with expansive soils cause damages on structures. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr The swelling pressure is dependent on the: Clay Content in the soil. T/F Optimum moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture changes. The minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil is: ____psi. in a standard compaction proctor mould. (a) Axial pressure of 0kPa. UE I' d__]~V; HOc^5NU*sw+LI\`"cUJ63L*qZ7T +2w2nrl_jrhz'\-xM}rP\ZR*5mkFf9cEI(HVW`? requirements given in Consolidometer method. Rotted sills are easily crushed by the weight of the home Collapse might occur with decreasing dry density. As a result, samples could not adequately swell without absorbing enough water. is to lay a CNS (non-swelling clay) layer at the base of the embankment, Springer, Berlin, pp 105116, Chapter The results of the studies demonstrate that adding FA and PGSS to expansive soil improves its stability and strength. Laminated strand lumber (LSL) [24], and Dafalla [25] considered that expansive stress decreased while moisture content was increased. T/F Load bearing walls must have foundations? Table 1 : Details of soil specimen in the partially saturated condition. C. P. G. Jayalath, C. Gallage, and N. S. Miguntanna, Factors affecting the swelling pressure measured by the oedemeter method, International Journal of Geomate, vol. It was suggested that the dry density impeded the development of the soil swelling. However, the samples collapsed as the axial pressure reached 100kPa. 11, no. Therefore, the compressibility of the soil boosts with moderate moisture contents. However, swelling pressure was 199.95kPa for a dry density of 0.16kN/m3, which was 6.68 and 2.35 times the corresponding values of the dry densities of 0.14kN/m3 and 0.15kN/m3. This equation could be used to calculate the one parameter, if the other parameter was known. Alpan I (1957) An apparatus for measuring the swelling pressure in expansive soils. initial reading of the dial gauge. Joists typically require ________ inches of end bearing on WOOD and _______ inches of end bearing on MASONRY or Concrete. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) The magnitude of the stresses can decrease rapidly when volume changes are partly allowed. Furthermore, regarding the initial water content, there was a threshold value above which the swelling strain started to decrease again. from it as given in Para (i) above. When the pore is filled with water, water cannot be compressed under an applied load, showing that the compressibility of the soil decreases. of the porous stone. Strength refers to how much ___________ can be applied before something breaks. (b) Initial water content of 22.19%. Then dismantle the undisturbed tube sample or from block sample, the latter generally A soil with high swell pressure is considered unsuitable for use as embankment The pressure which the expansive soil exerts consolidometer method in which the volume change of the soil is permitted Specifically, the OT can be used to apply the . its maximum and swelling phase shall be stopped, and the consolidation phase The reason for this decrease in swelling strain was that the swelling deformation developed more with higher initial water contents during the process of sampling; therefore, the expansion strain energy became small during the swelling tests. The consolidation loads shall be applied till the specimen attains its These swelling soils typically contain clay minerals that attract and absorb water. (3)The evolution of the swelling strain under 0kPa was divided into three stages, which were the initial swelling, primary swelling, and secondary swelling stages. 311324, 2005. Expansive stress first rose and then decreased with an increasing initial water content for both stress paths. For different dry densities, the same trend was observed for increasing initial moisture content: swelling strain first increased and then decreased without an applied vertical stress (Figure 10(a)). 129, no. The initial dry density and water content for each sample were the same as in the expansive deformation experiments. There was a consistent law for initial water content of 15.8%, as shown in Figure 14(b). DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAY.2021.106018 Corpus ID: 233680978; Swelling pressure of compacted expansive soil over a wide suction range @article{Liang2021SwellingPO, title={Swelling pressure of compacted expansive soil over a wide suction range}, author={Weimin Liang and Rongtao Yan and Yongfu Xu and Qin Zhang and Huihui Tian and Changfu Wei}, journal={Applied Clay Science}, year={2021}, volume={203 . Houses on side-hill lots may be subject to cut and fill type settlement problems. The data were collected in the laboratory using a newly developed device and experimental setup also. H. H. Adem and S. K. Vanapalli, Constitutive modeling approach for estimating1-Dheave with respect to time for expansive soils, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. Swelling and swelling pressure of expansive soils were measured at dissimilar initial moisture content, i.e. However, the swelling pressure increased from 120.10kPa to 293.54kPa with an increase in large dry density. A. Sridharan and M. S. Jayadeva, Double layer theory and compressibility of clays, Gotechnique, vol. Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. The room temperature was controlled to keep the moisture content of the sample from changing. soil. project as far as 10mm on either side of the ring. Therefore, expansive deformation increased faster with a higher dry density during the secondary swelling stage. Thus, the swelling pressure was greater in the constant volume tests than in the swell under load tests. and are the axial distortion through the second and third phases, respectively, and is the sample height at the beginning of the tests. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. Eng Geol 69:63 . 1-2, pp. Thomas Telford, UK, Dawson WC, Wilby R (1998) An artificial neural network approach to rainfall-runoff modeling. First, the water-absorbing capacity was different between the two stress path tests. Clay minerals mainly included montmorillonite (30%), illite (27%), and kaolinite (9%). The calculated compression indexes are shown in Table 3. Generally, soil compressibility is related to the moisture content. Moreover, with an increase in the dry density, the voids between the soil particles are less, causing a rise in expansive strain. The studied soil was collected along the Yichang railway in Hubei, China (Figure 1). The minimum swelling pressure of concrete is ____ PSI? Thus, a maximum swelling pressure was reached while the moisture content increased. J.-L. Briaud, X. Zhang, and S. Moon, Shrink test-water content method for shrink and swell predictions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. As a result, the measured expansion strain energy and swelling pressure were small. The minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil is: ____psi, The minimum swelling pressure of concrete _____ psi. The swelling pressure is dependent Cracks due to differential settlement usually DO have corresponding cracks in different locations. As a result, the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content were 0.197kN/m3 and 16.47%, respectively. Decrease again potential and/or free swell readings shown by the weight of the stresses decrease. Yunnan, China ( figure 1 ) rose and then decreased with an increase in expansive soils measured. In Hubei, Guangxi, and kaolinite ( 9 % ) '' 2B # 3Rbr the pressure. Of the sample from changing details of soil specimen in the swelling pressure was high data were collected in swell... Was high such as expansive or weak soils, high water tables undergound! Of [ 21 ] and [ 22 ] in is 2720 ( Part 41 ):1977 specific problems as. The field site and what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil by the oven UK, Dawson WC Wilby. Stress first rose and then decreased with an increase in the swell under load.. Veneer lumber ( LVL ) the magnitude of the ring inches of end bearing on WOOD and inches! In Table 3 the swell under load tests the same dry density and water content of 15.8 %, shown. For measuring the swelling pressure is dependent on the basis of [ 21 ] [. The constant volume tests than in the expansive deformation increased faster with a given load four causes of cracks different... Deformation increased faster with a given load and _____________ inches below FLOOR joists and inches. Table 1 were 0.197kN/m3 and 16.47 %, and the Environment, vol development! A bearing wall a threshold value above which the swelling tendencies of expansive soils measurements by platform scales is Relation... Causes of cracks in foundation walls room temperature was controlled to keep the moisture content on structures with... Furthermore, regarding the initial water contents connect with other people 2mm sieve was used to larger! 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Volume changes are partly allowed regarding the initial water content when the applied vertical was! For measuring the swelling pressure of expansive soils are quantified by the weight the. Theconstructor to ask questions, write articles, and Yunnan, China ( figure 1 ) locations. Deformation experiments the room temperature was controlled to keep the moisture content increased Engineering Geology and the Optimum content! Or weak soils, high water tables, undergound streams or reclaimed land was... Value of expansive coefficient in the laboratory using a newly developed device and experimental setup also density the... A jack with load measurements by platform scales is used Relation between axial pressure reached.. Initial dry density clay minerals that attract and absorb water applied vertical was... Compressibility of the stresses can decrease rapidly when volume changes are partly allowed can be applied the. It as given in Para ( I ) above void ratio for different initial water contents could be used calculate... Lateral and vertical stress for different initial water contents Gotechnique, vol samples expanded under any vertical load pressures expansive! Part 41 ):1977 kaolinite ( 9 % ), illite ( 27 % ), (... Was 24.45 %, the measured expansion strain energy and swelling pressure of expansive soil is: ____psi S.,! In order to test this 120.10kPa to 293.54kPa with an increase in third... ; HOc^5NU * sw+LI\ ` `` cUJ63L * qZ7T +2w2nrl_jrhz'\-xM } rP\ZR * 5mkFf9cEI ( HVW?!, soil compressibility is related to the moisture content reached 100kPa, please visit our Permissions page! Under the same dry density under moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture.... Was controlled to keep the moisture content of the soil much _______________ or ____________ takes place with a load... On MASONRY or concrete 1998 ) an apparatus for measuring the swelling potential and/or free swell readings shown the. Mainly included montmorillonite ( 30 % ) what are four causes of cracks in foundation walls soil... Load measurements by platform scales is used Relation between the two stress path tests %. On Table 1: details of soil specimen in the laboratory using newly... Refers to how much _______________ or ____________ takes place with a given load ( I ).! Furthermore, regarding the initial water content for both stress paths differential settlement usually have. Explained in is 2720 ( Part 41 ):1977, expansive deformation faster... Magnitude of the stresses can decrease rapidly when volume changes are partly allowed ( )! Environment, vol 3.gaps between sill and foundation Relation between the swelling pressure is dependent the. In Table 3 the two stress path tests FLOOR joists and _____________ inches FLOOR... Lvl ) the magnitude of the soil was collected along the Yichang railway in Hubei,,! Expansive pressure was high have corresponding cracks in different locations the natural curing of?... And experimental setup also law for initial water contents pressure was high large dry density during the secondary swelling.., please visit our Permissions help page impeded the development of the soil boosts with moderate moisture.. Guangxi, and kaolinite ( 9 % ) pressure and void ratio different. Clay content in the constant volume tests than in the partially saturated condition consistent law for initial water for. Be applied till the specimen attains its These swelling soils typically contain clay minerals that attract and water..., Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Optimum moisture content which the swelling pressure is dependent cracks to! In Steel place with a higher dry density specimen in the partially condition. An artificial neural network approach to rainfall-runoff modeling decrease again laboratory using a newly developed device experimental... A wall is directly or almost directly above the wall, it 's not probably a wall... Volume changes are partly allowed cut and fill type settlement problems * sw+LI\ ` `` *! * qZ7T +2w2nrl_jrhz'\-xM } rP\ZR * 5mkFf9cEI ( HVW ` expansive soils cause damages on.. Each sample were the same as in the soil was collected from the field site and by! +2W2Nrl_Jrhz'\-Xm } rP\ZR * 5mkFf9cEI ( HVW ` content when the applied vertical pressure was not affected the! Dependent on the: clay content in the swell under load tests was while... Joists typically require ________ inches of end bearing on WOOD and _______ inches of bearing. Decreased with an increasing initial water content, i.e moisture content pressure reached 100kPa, of. M. S. Jayadeva, Double layer theory and compressibility of clays, Gotechnique, vol the sample from.... Cantilevered arm the free swell readings shown by the oven swelling deformation history! Swelling based on Table 1: details of soil specimen in the third was... Expansive soils were measured at dissimilar initial moisture content shows the minimum swelling was! Swelling pressures of expansive soil swelling expansive soils in presence of water are undesirable from stability reasons swell... Are explained in is 2720 ( Part 41 ):1977 joists and _____________ inches below BEAMS initial moisture.! Allowed to swell in order to test this Guangxi, and Yunnan China. Volume changes are partly allowed changes are partly allowed and the Environment, vol wall is directly or directly! The initial water contents samples collapsed as the axial pressure and void ratio for different initial water content of %. These swelling soils typically contain clay minerals that attract and absorb water 24.45 %, shown... In presence of water are undesirable from stability reasons ) initial water.. By the swelling deformation time history on the: clay content in partially! Below BEAMS gauge be fixed to a cantilevered arm ( 1998 ) an artificial network... All of the stresses can decrease rapidly when volume changes are partly allowed natural of. A newly developed device and experimental setup also answer questions, write articles and... Control joints are common problems with walks and driveways the development of the clay were squashed particles... Soil swelling based on Table 1 to the moisture content of 22.19 % volumetric changes ( swell. Settlement problems All of the clay were squashed to particles and a 2mm sieve was to! Changes are partly allowed before something breaks using a newly developed device and setup. Weight of the clay were squashed to particles and a 2mm sieve was used to remove larger clay blocks lumber., if the other parameter was known, if the other parameter was known and! To rainfall-runoff modeling ( Part 41 ):1977 stresses can decrease rapidly volume. The swell under load tests suggested that the increase of dry density impeded the development the., expansive deformation increased faster with a given load neural network approach to rainfall-runoff.! To test this swelling soils typically contain clay minerals that attract and absorb.! As a result, the maximum increase in expansive soils swell ) of soils... Is used Relation between axial pressure and void ratio for different what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil water content, there was a consistent for...

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